Sunday, July 26, 2009

Drugs







Drugs play an irreplaceable role in the maintenance of our physical health.
Once disease infestation our bodies,such as colds, diarrhea, fever, etc. Everyone will get sick. Thus, health can not be separated from drugs, medicines can not be separated from our lives. Drugs can affect the body refers to the physiological, biochemical and pathological processes, used in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases and family planning of chemical substances. Drugs, including hypnotics to a healthy, cold medicine, anti-fever medicine, stomach and so on.
Drugs have their own characteristics:
  1.Types of complexity, there are about 20,000 species in the world,so it has a complexity of the types and a wide variety
2.Exclusive of medical drugs:Patients under the guidance of a doctor's rational in order to prevention of diseases, the protection of health 
3.Strict quality of drugs:Drug is directly related to people's health and the survival of life, so its quality may not have the slightest bit sloppy. We must ensure that the drugs safe, effective, uniform and stable.

rational administration of drug
    The choice of drug use is reasonable or not, related to the success or failure of treatment. In the choice of medication, it is important to consider the following:1.Whether there is any need for medication.2.If need medication, should consider the effect on the problem.3.Combination problem.4.Its also an important part of drug used rationally for select appropriate formulations
 Its often used commonly used volume for doses of medication to choose in order to ensure safe, effective. The average dose of provided for commonly used clinical capacity generally refers to adult (18 ~ 60 years),However, the reaction of the drug varies from person to perso. There are some factors have an impact on the dosage such as age, sex, nutritional status and genetic. Children required a smaller dose,generally based on age, weight, body surface area according to the adult dose conversion. The elderly adult dose of the drug may reduce. In addition,for the frail, poor nutrition, liver and kidney dysfunction in the volume of drugs should also be a corresponding reduction
  The choice of route of administration.
A variety of delivery methods has its own characteristics, clinical primarily on the basis of patient characteristics and drug choice.1 Oral. Its the most commonly used method of drug delivery. It applicable to the majority of drugs and patients. Does not apply to a coma, vomiting and infants and young children, mental patients, etc. 2 Rectal administration. 3 Sublingual administration. It can only be applied to a small number of the smaller amount of drug. 4 Injection. It has to absorb quickly and completely, reliable efficacy, etc. 5 Inhalation drug delivery. It applicable to volatile or gaseous substances,such as Inhalation anesthetic agents. 6 Local surface delivery. Such as brush coating, drops, spray, wet, etc,The main purpose is to play a role in the local

According to drug metabolism in the body to the drug plasma half-life of constant administration of constant time interval, 4 to 6 months after the half-life of up to steady-state plasma concentration. Practical application,Most of the daily administration of the drug is 3 to 4 times,Special drugs only in exceptional cases the provisions of the special delivery interval, such as digitalis drugs.
  Taking drugs should be determined in accordance with the specific drug. There are easy on the gastrointestinal tract after a meal to stimulate the drug should be served, such as
,aspirin, indomethacin, etc. And sedative-hypnotics should be served before going to bed, it plays so as to facilitate its efficacy, timely sleep.
 The length of treatment should be determined by condition,In addition,The length of treatment should be based on the size of the drug toxicity,such as anti-cancer drugs should be administered using intermittent therapy.
 So according to both clinical medicine of the pharmacological effects of drugs,Patients should also considered the actual situation,treatment do vary from person to person. The impact drug of body factors including: age, sex, pathological conditions, mental factors, genetic factors and nutritional status.
So drugs are important in our life. When you choice it, you must seriously and careful



Reference:
http://baike.baidu.com/view/19820.htm
http://baike.baidu.com/view/136293.htm?func=retitle

Plastic Products











Nowadays more and more things are made from plastic
Group of polymer substances, material derived from petroleum that is easily shaped and molded when heated. Synthetic polymers are often referred to as "plastics", such as the well-known polyethylene and nylon. However, most of them can be classified in at least three main categories: thermoplastics, thermosets and elastomers
Plastics are mainly composed of synthetic resin. Certain temperature and pressure conditions of a certain shape can be made of plastic, at normal temperature to maintain the shape of the same material.
Plastic is lighter material, its relative density between 0.90—2.2. This feature can be used to make plastic products requirements to reduce the production of self-respect. The vast majority of plastic to acids, alkalis and other chemical substances have a good corrosion resistance. Ordinary plastic are poor conductor of electricity. Therefore, it has a wide range of applications in the plastic in the electronics industry and machinery industry.
There are two different ways for development direction of plastic. One of them is improve performance and other is development of functional.

The world from the current rate of plastic industry. The first two is Germany and Sweden , after these are Japan and some of European countries, America is shower .
At present, the overseas development of plastic packaging has the following trends: 1.Copolymerization composite packaging film. This will greatly enhance the co-extruded plastic and tensile properties.2 Complex multi-functional thin films. A large number of foreign films to develop complex multi-functional role in further refining.
Some plastic itself is a simple resin Such as polyethylene, polystyrene, etc.
At present industrial production of plastics have been hundreds of types,Which is also commonly used in more than 60 kinds of.
Common classification is as follows:
(1) After heating according to the plastic performance division.
1.Thermosetting plastic.
2.Thermoplastics
(2)The scope of the application by the division of plastic
1. GE Plastics
2. Engineering Plastics
(3)Attainment by combustible
1. Flammability of plastic
2. Retardant plastics
In our daily life, there are many different types of plastic. Now I will introduce several major plastic.
(1) Polyethylene plastic Branch
Polyethylene plastic is a polymer of ethylene monomers. Raw material is oil, coke oven gas or alcohol. Molecular structure of polyethylene is :(—CH2δΈ€CH2—) n
(2) Polypropylene Plastic
Polypropylene plastic is a propylene in the methane-based aluminum and titanium trichloride catalyst and to gasoline as the solvent for the polymer obtained. The structural formula for polypropylene is [—CH2—CH—] n. It belongs to linear macromoleculest
(3)Polystyrene plastic
Polystyrene is a polymer made from styrene monomer plastic linear structure.
(4) PVC
PVC is made by polymerization of vinyl chloride monomer and is one of commonly used thermoplastics
(5)Bakelite
It is based on phenol and formaldehyde as raw materials and
acid or alkaline catalyst into phenol-formaldehyde resin under the polycondensation. Accession can be made of plastic wood filler
(6) Urea-formaldehyde plastics
Urea-formaldehyde resin is a urea-formaldehyde synthesis of endothelin.
(7)Plexiglass
PMMA is commonly known as the polymethyl methacrylate,
It is by the polymerization of methyl methacrylate monomer resin from the linear
(8)Cellulose nitrate plastic
Cotton linter cellulose nitrate plastics or other grasses, wood and other natural cellulose into cellulose nitrate by nitrate, and then adding 20-30% of the plasticizer of plastics made from camphor
(9)Application of Plastic
It is used for industrial technology
Plastic products is important in our lives. Hope because of my introduce, you can know more about plastic prodycts.
Reference :